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Year 2025
 
Vol 66, Issue 5, [10 - 2025]

Assessment of eutrophication in Yen So Lake using Sentinel-2 images and Co-kriging

DOI:10.46326/JMES.2025.66(5).05

  • Affiliations:

    1 Faculty of Geology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
    2 Faculty of Geography, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam

  • *Corresponding:
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  • Received: 31st-Mar-2025
  • Revised: 29th-July-2025
  • Accepted: 16th-Aug-2025
  • Online: 1st-Oct-2025
Pages: 52 - 62
Views: 70
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Abstract:

This study aims to map the spatial distribution of the trophic state index (TSI) in Yen So Lake utilizing an in-situ dataset of Chlorophyll-a (Chla) collected from 23 sampling points within the Yen So Lake on 29/11/2021; 3/4/2022; 14/12/2023 and 69 sampling points in West Lake on 4/12/2021; 18/1/2022; 7/7/2023 coupled with Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite imagery acquired on these dates, thereby helping to optimize assessment of eutrophication in Yen So Lake. By leveraging the correlation between TSIChla and the spectral ratio of band 7 to band 3 of the S2 images (with a correlation coefficient of 0.83), this band ratio was incorporated as an auxiliary variable to enhance the accuracy of Co- kriging predictions, with a notable improvement in the determination coefficients (R2) and the standard errors (RMSE), increasing from 0.17÷0.63 to 0.67÷0.89 and from 2.33÷4.22 to 0.32÷0.58, respectively. The results show that Yen So Lake is hypertrophic with TSIChla > 78 at all measurement times. The TSIChla values exhibited seasonal variations, being lower during the dry season (November to December) and higher during the rainy season (April). Spatially, elevated TSIChla values were primarily observed near the drainage channel inlets along the lakeshore and in the three smaller lakes within Yen So Park. These findings highlight the utility of S2 imagery as an effective tool for monitoring and evaluating eutrophication in Yen So Lake.

How to Cite
Nguyen, T.Phuong Thien, Pham, L.Kieu, Nguyen, H.Thu Thi and Vu, T.Thu Thi 2025. Assessment of eutrophication in Yen So Lake using Sentinel-2 images and Co-kriging (in Vietnamese). Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences. 66, 5 (Oct, 2025), 52-62. DOI:https://doi.org/10.46326/JMES.2025.66(5).05.
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