Archives
 
Year 2021
 
Vol 62, Issue 3b, [07 - 2021]

A review of indium recycling methods from LCD screen wastes

DOI:10.46326/JMES.2021.62(3b).09

  • Affiliations:

    Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Ha Noi, Vietnam

  • *Corresponding:
    This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
  • Received: 11st-Feb-2021
  • Revised: 20th-May-2021
  • Accepted: 18th-June-2021
  • Online: 20th-July-2021
Pages: 80 - 93
Views: 3149
View onlineView online
Downloads: 1024
Downdload PDF
★★★★★Rating: 1.0, Total rating: 101
  • ★
  • ★
  • ★
  • ★
  • ★
Yours rating

Abstract:

Indium, one of the important rare metals, has drawn more and more attention due to its semiconductor and optoelectronic performance. The by-products of zinc refineries are used as the primary mineral resources for the commercial production of indium. Indium contents of these products usually vary in a range of 100÷200 g/t. However, as a main secondary source of indium, LCDs waste contains much higher contents of indium than that in mineral ores. LCDs waste may contain up to 1,400 g/t In (equivalent to 0.7 g/m2). The indium recovery process from LCD screen wastes undergoes three stages: dismantling LCD screens; separation of indium-containing ITO glass, and recovery of indium metal. This paper presents the characteristics of the indium recovery process from LCD screen wastes and the main techniques used in each stage of technology. From there, a few suitable specific indium recycling processes are proposed for the conditions in Vietnam.

How to Cite
Pham, L.Van and Tran, T.Trung 2021. A review of indium recycling methods from LCD screen wastes (in Vietnamese). Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences. 62, 3b (Jul, 2021), 80-93. DOI:https://doi.org/10.46326/JMES.2021.62(3b).09.
References

Aizawa, H., Yoshida, H., Sakai, S., (2008). Current results and future perspectives forJapanese recycling of home electrical appliances. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52,1399–1410.

Akcil, A., and Agcasulu, I., (2015), Critical Metal: indium and its Recovery from Waste LCD Monitor. Recycling Industry, May, pp. 54–59 (in Turkish).

Andres, U., Bialecki, R., 1986. Liberation of mineral constituents by high-voltagepulses. Powder Technol. 48, 269–277.

Boundy, T., Boyton, M., and Taylor, P., 2017, Attrition scrubbing for recovery of indium from waste liquid crystal display glass via selective comminution. Journal of Cleaner Production, 154. pp. 436–444.

Chou, W., Huang, Y., 2009. Electrochemical removal of indium ions from aqueoussolution using iron electrodes. J. Hazard. Mater. 172, 46–53.

Cui, J., Forssberg, E., 2003. Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronicequipment: a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 99, 243–263.

Debabrata Pradhan, Sandeep Panda, and Lala Behari Sukla (2018) Recent advances in indium metallurgy: A review, Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy review. No 3, vol 39, 167 – 180.

Dodbiba, G., Nagai, H., Wang, L.P., Okaya, K., Fujita, T., 2012. Leaching of indiumfrom obsolete liquid crystal displays: comparing grinding with electricaldisintegration in context of LCA. Waste Manag. 32, 1937–1944.

Gartner, 2011. Market Trends: Worldwide, EMS and ODM TV Production. https://www.gartner.com/doc/1760714/market-trends-worldwide-ems-odm.

Gotze, R., Rotter, V.S.,2012. Challenges for the recovery of critical metals fromwaste electronic equipment – a case study of indium in LCD panels. In:Electronics Goes Green 2012+ (EGG). IEEE, Berlin, pp. 1–8.

Graedel, T. E., Allwood, J., Birat, J. P., Buchert, M., Hagelueken, C., Reck, B. K., Sibley, S. F., and Sonnemann, G., 2011, What do we know about metal recycling rates?. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 15. pp. 355–366.

Hasegawa, H., Rahman, I.M.M., Egawa, Y., Sawai, H., Begum, Z.A., Maki, T., et al.,2013. Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystaldisplay panels with the aid of microwave radiation. J. Hazard. Mater. 254–255,10–17.

He, Y., Ma, E., Xu, Z., 2014. Recycling indium from waste liquid crystal display panelby vacuum carbon-reduction. J. Hazard. Mater. 268, 185–190.

Hester, R.E., Harrison, R.M., 2009. Electronic Waste Management Design, Analysisand Application, 2. RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 27:55.

Higashi, A., Saitoh, N., Ogi, T., Konishi, Y., 2011. Recovery of indium by biosorptionand its application to recycling of waste liquid crystal display. J. Jpn. Inst. Metal75 (11), 620–625.

Inoune, K., Nishirua, M., 2008. Recovery of indium from spent panels of liquidcrystal display panels. Soc. Chem. Eng. 34, 282–286.

Jancovik, B., 2015, Isothermal thermo-analytical study and decomposition kinetics of non-activated and mechanically activated indium tin oxide (ITO) scrap powders treated by alkaline solution. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 25. pp. 1657−1676.

Jung, C., Osako, M., 2007. Thermodynamic behavior of rare metals in the meltingprocess of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration residues. Chemosphere69, 279–288.

Kato, T., Igarashi, S., Ishiwatari, Y., Furukawa, M., Yamaguchi, H., 2013. Separationand concentration of indium from a liquid crystal display via homogeneousliquid–liquid extraction. Hydrometallurgy 137, 148–155.

Kim, W., Bae, I., Chae, S., Shin, H., 2009. Mechanochemical decomposition ofmonazite to assist the extraction of rare earth elements. J. Alloys Compd. 486,610–614.

Kopacek, B., 2010. ReLCD recycling and re-use of LCD panels. In: IEEE InternationalSymposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST), Arlington, VA, pp.1–3.

Lee, C., 2004. A method for the recycling of scrap liquid crystal display. Knowl.Bridge 45, 2–3.

Lee, C., Jeong, M., Fatih Kilicaslan, M., Lee, J., Hong, H., Hong, S., 2013. Recovery ofindium from used LCD panel by a time efficient and environmentally soundmethod assisted HEBM. Waste Manag. 33, 730–734.

Li, J., Gao, S., Duan, H., Liu, L., 2009. Recovery of valuable materials from wasteliquid crystal display panel. Waste Manag. 29, 2033–2040.

Li, Y., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Liu, Z., Zeng, L., 2011. Recovery of indium from used indium–tinoxide (ITO) targets. Hydrometallurgy 105, 207–212.

Li, R., Yuan, T., Fan, W., Qiu, Z., Su, W., and Zhong, N., 2014, Recovery of indium by acid leaching waste ITO target based on neural network. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 24. pp. 257–262.

Ma, E., Lu, R., Xu, Z., 2012. An efficient rough vacuum-chlorinated separationmethod for the recovery of indium from waste liquid crystal display panels.Green Chem. 14, 3395–3401.

Ma, E., Xu, Z., 2013. Technological process and optimum design of organicmaterials vacuum pyrolysis and indium chlorinated separation from wasteliquid crystal display panels. J. Hazard. Mater. 263, 610–617.

Mi, G., Saito, F., Hanada, M., 1997. Mechanochemical synthesis of tobermorite bywet grinding in a planetary ball mill. Powder Technol. 93, 77–81.

Mi, G., Saito, F., Suzuki, S., Waseda, Y., 1998. Formation of CaTiO3by grinding frommixtures of CaO or Ca(OH)2with anatase or rutile at room temperature.Powder Technol. 97, 178–182.

Murase, K., Ozaki, T., Machida, K., Adachi, G., 1996. Extraction and mutualseparation of rare earths from concentrates and crude oxides using chemicalvapor transport. J. Alloys Compd. 233, 96–106.

Nakashima, K., Kumahara, Y., 2002. Effect of tin oxide dispersion on noduleformation in ITO sputtering. Vacuum 66, 221–226.

Peeters, J.R., Vanegas, P., Duflou, J.R., Mizuno, T., Fukushige, S., Umeda, Y., 2013.Effects of boundary conditions on the end-of-life treatment of LCD TVs. CIRPAnn. Manuf. Technol. 62, 35–38.

Pu, L., Yang, D., Guo, Y., 2012. Analyzing the main elements in waste TFT-LCD panelusing inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Environ.Pollut. Control, 76–78, p. 82.

Rocchetti, L., Amato, A., and Beolchini, F., 2016, Recovery of indium from liquid crystal displays. Journal of Cleaner Production, 116. pp. 299–305.

Rotter, V., Chancerel, P., and Ueberschaar, M., 2013, Recycling-oriented product characterization for electric and electronic equipment as a tool to enable recycling of critical metals. In: Kvithyld, A., et al. (eds), REWAS: Springer, Cham, pp. 192–201.

Ruan, J., Guo, Y., Qiao, Q., 2012. Recovery of indium from scrap TFT-LCDs by solventextraction. Proc. Environ. Sci. 16, 545–551.

Ryan, A., O’ Donoghue, L., and Lewis, H., 2011, Characterising components of liquid crystal displays to facilitatedis assembly. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19. pp. 1066–1071.

Savvilotidou, V., Hahladakis, J.N., Gidarakos, E., 2014. Determination of toxicmetals in discarded liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 92,108–115.

Schaeffer, N., Grimes, S. M., and Cheeseman, C. R., 2017, Use of extraction chromatography in the recycling of critical metals from thin film leach solutions. InorganicaChimicaActa, 457. pp. 53–58.

Schmidt, M., 2005. A production-theory-based framework for analysing recyclingsystems in the e-waste sector. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25,505–524.

Takahashi, K., Sasaki, A., Dodbiba, G., Sadaki, J., Fujita, T., 2007. A Novel Process for Recovering Indium from the Liquid Crystal Display of the Discarded CellularPhones by Means of Vaporization at Relatively Low Temperature, vol. 2. Gesellschaft fur Bergbau Metallurgie, Dusseldorf, Germany, pp. 611–622.

Takahashi, K., Sasaki, A., Dodbiba, G., Sadaki, J., Sato, N., Fujita, T., 2009. Recovering indium from the liquid crystal display of discarded cellular phones by means ofchloride-induced vaporization at relatively low temperature. Metall. Mater.Trans. A 40, 891–900.

Tolcin, A., 2016, Mineral Commodity Summaries: indium, Reston, Virginia: USGS.

Wang, H., 2011. The effect of the proportion of thin film transistor-liquid crystaldisplay (TFT-LCD) optical waste glass as a partial substitute for cement incement mortar. Constr. Build. Mater. 25, 791–797.

Wang, X., Lu, X., Zhang, S., 2013. Study on the waste liquid crystal displaytreatment: focus on the resource recovery. J. Hazard. Mater. 244–245,342–347.

Wang, R., Xu, Z., 2014. Pyrolysis mechanism for recycle renewable resource frompolarizing film of waste liquid crystal display panels. J. Hazard. Mater. 278,311–319.

Werner, T. T., Mudd, G. M., and Jowitt, S. M., 2017, The world’s byproduct and critical metal resources part III: A global assessment of indium. Ore Geology Reviews, 86. pp. 939–956.

Yang, D., 2012. The Experiment Study on Recycling Indium in Waste Liquid CrystalDisplay Panels. Southwest Jiatong University.

Yang, J., Retegan, T., Ekberg, C., 2013. Indium recovery from discarded LCD panelglass by solvent extraction. Hydrometallurgy 137, 68–77.

Zhang, G., Xu, G., 2013. Technology development of treatment for waste LCD. J.Shanghai Sec. Polytech. Univ. 30 (4), 270–274.

Zhang, F., Wei, C., Deng, Z., Li, X., Li, C., and Li, M., 2016, Reductive leaching of indium-bearing zinc residue in sulfuric acid using sphalerite concentrate as reductant. Hydrometallurgy, 161. pp. 102–106.

Zhao, K., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, H., 2013. Study on recycling process for EOL liquidcrystal display panel. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 14, 1043–1047.

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/vietnam_country_presentation_2-_prof._hai.pdf

https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0n_h%C3%ACnh_tinh_th%E1%BB%83_l%E1%BB%8Fng#:~:text=C%C3%B4ng%20ngh%E1%BB%87%20m%C3%A0n%20h%C3%ACnh%20tinh,c%C3%A1c%20k%C3%ADnh%20l%E1%BB%8Dc%20ph%C3%A2n%20c%E1%BB%B1c.

Other articles